Convert String to Integer - atoi - Leet Code Solution

Problem Statement

Implement atoi which converts a string to an integer.

Example 1:
	Input: "42"
	Output: 42

Example 2:
	Input: "   -42"
	Output: -42

Example 3:
	Input: "4193 with words"
	Output: 4193

Example 4:
	Input: "words and 987"
	Output: 0

Algorithm

We need to keep in mind that header includes spaces + and - character only. And, then valid integers. Then, we need to parse integers untill found. If any other character found, it is neglected.

Two special conditions: if the result is out of range (integer overflow, positive), Integer’s max value is returned if number is negative and overflow happened, return max negative value of integer.

Keep a flag till when we found the first valid integer
After this encounter, if we got any other character. Just return from there.
Need to keep the Overflow condition

Code

public class Q8_StringToInteger {
	public int myAtoi(String str) {
		int s = 0;
		boolean neg = false;
		boolean foundFirstValidInteger = false;
		int l = str.length();
		
		for (int i=0; i<l; i++) {
			char c = str.charAt(i);
			
			if (!foundFirstValidInteger) {
				if (c == ' ') continue;
				if (c == '+') {
					foundFirstValidInteger = true;
					continue;
				}
				if (c == '-') {
					foundFirstValidInteger = true;
					neg = true;
					continue;
				}
			}
			
			if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
				foundFirstValidInteger = true;
				int num = c - '0';
				
				if (s > Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 || (s == Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 && num > 7)) {
					if (neg) return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
					return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
				}
				s = s*10 + num;
			}
			else if (!foundFirstValidInteger) {
				return 0;
			}
			else {
				if (neg) return -s;
				
				return s;
			}
		}
		
		if (neg) return -s;
		
		return s;
	}
}

Output

"    -42" -> -42
debug 2
"42" -> 42
debug 1
"4193 with words" -> 4193
"words and 987" -> 0
"-91283472332" -> -2147483648
debug 1
"3.14159" -> 3
debug 1
"+-2" -> 0
"  -0012a42" -> -12
"2147483648" -> 2147483647